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(03) 9497 5885 Together use of these systems has increased the number of African Americans and women being elected to local offices, resulting in governments that are more representative of their citizens. 20 (1971–2000) - Birmingham Intl AP, AL", "Climatography of the United States No. The latter retained control of this western territory from 1783 until the surrender of the Spanish garrison at Mobile to U.S. forces on April 13, 1813. Telecommunications provider AT&T, formerly BellSouth, has a major presence in Alabama with several large offices in Birmingham. [257] The newly expanded container terminal at the Port of Mobile was ranked as the 25th busiest for container traffic in the nation during 2011. Atkins, Leah Rawls, Wayne Flynt, William Warren Rogers, and David Ward. High-profile events such as the Selma to Montgomery march made the state a major focal point of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. [160][161], On May 14, 2019, Alabama passed the Human Life Protection Act, banning abortion at any stage of pregnancy unless there is a "serious health risk", with no exceptions for rape and incest. Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional submitted a combined bid for the mill at Calvert, plus a majority stake in the ThyssenKrupp mill in Brazil, for $3.8 billion. A 1960 study noted that because of rural domination, "a minority of about 25% of the total state population is in majority control of the Alabama legislature. In 2007, more than 82 percent of schools made adequate yearly progress (AYP) toward student proficiency under the National No Child Left Behind law, using measures determined by the state of Alabama. [57] By 1941, whites constituted a slight majority of those disenfranchised by these laws: 600,000 whites vs. 520,000 African-Americans. Alabama (/ˌæləˈbæmə/) is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered by Tennessee to the north; Georgia to the east; Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south; and Mississippi to the west. At that time, Alabama and many other states had to change their legislative districting, as many across the country had systems that underrepresented urban areas and districts. in the state are still held by Democrats. The economy of the central Black Belt (named for its dark, productive soil) was built around large cotton plantations whose owners' wealth grew mainly from slave labor. [55], While the planter class had persuaded poor whites to vote for this legislative effort to suppress black voting, the new restrictions resulted in their disenfranchisement as well, due mostly to the imposition of a cumulative poll tax. In 2004, Hurricane Ivan, a category 3 storm upon landfall, struck the state and caused over $18 billion of damage. As of 1999[update], sales and excise taxes in Alabama account for 51% of all state and local revenue, compared with an average of about 36% nationwide. From 1901 through the 1960s, the state did not redraw election districts as population grew and shifted within the state during urbanization and industrialization of certain areas. Alabama was heavily involved in the American Civil War. [224], As of December 2017[update], there are a total of 3,326,812 registered voters, with 2,979,576 active, and the others inactive in the state.[225]. Alabama became the twenty-second state to be admitted to the United States on December 14, 1819. The oldest institutions are the public University of North Alabama in Florence and the Catholic Church-affiliated Spring Hill College in Mobile, both founded in 1830. From the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. It was claimed by the Province of Georgia from 1767 onwards. [197], Alabama has historically been a popular region for film shoots due to its diverse landscapes and contrast of environments. Highways also pass through the state, such as U.S. Route 11 (US-11), US-29, US-31, US-43, US-45, US-72, US-78, US-80, US-82, US-84, US-90, US-98, US-231, US-278, US-280, US-331, US-411, and US-431. Major television network affiliates in Alabama include: College football is extremely popular in Alabama, particularly the University of Alabama Crimson Tide and Auburn University Tigers, rivals in the Southeastern Conference. The plans include a $600 million factory at the Brookley Aeroplex for the assembly of the A319, A320 and A321 aircraft. During Reconstruction following the American Civil War, Alabama was occupied by federal troops of the Third Military District under General John Pope. In the major Southern speech region, there is the decreasing loss of the final r, for example the "boyd" pronunciation of "bird". Images. The top attraction was the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville with an attendance of 849,981, followed by the Birmingham Zoo with 543,090. The first 911 call in the United States was made in Haleyville, Alabama on February 16, 1968. wikipedia. The annual average snowfall for the Birmingham area is 2 inches (51 mm) per year. Al. It seats 71,594. The racial composition of the state was 68.5% White (67% Non-Hispanic White and 1.5% Hispanic White), 26.2% Black or African American, 3.9% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 1.1% Asian, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 2% from "Some Other Race", and 1.5% from "Two or More Races". [146] The oldest Jewish congregation in the state is Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim in Mobile. Its capital city is Montgomery. These are the following. The United States has failed to deal with the coronavirus crisis. [97] In 2002, Christian Koeberl with the Institute of Geochemistry University of Vienna published evidence and established the site as the 157th recognized impact crater on Earth. .AL.US (.al.us) state level of the United States Domain name for Alabama Alabama - Alabama - History: The present-day state of Alabama was originally inhabited by various indigenous peoples. [57] Nearly all African Americans had lost the ability to vote. In the early 21st century, Republicans hold all seven of the statewide elected executive branch offices. The majority of Republican sheriffs have been elected in the more urban/suburban and heavily populated counties. Created by David Goetsch, Maria Ferrari. Photo by TUBS/ Wikipedia (use permitted with attribution/share alike). In the past, their self-identification was often overlooked as the state tried to impose a binary breakdown of society into white and black. [166], The state's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was 5.8% in April 2015. [citation needed] The Democrats lost the last of the nineteen court seats in August 2011 with the resignation of the last Democrat on the bench. [98], The state is classified as humid subtropical (Cfa) under the Koppen Climate Classification. [65], Beginning in the 1940s, when the courts started taking the first steps to recognize the voting rights of black voters, the Alabama legislature took several counter-steps designed to disfranchise black voters. Alabama's government is divided into three coequal branches. Further information on Christianity in Alabama: In Alabama, only Jackson County (2019 population: 51,626; 2010 population: 53,227) is included in the Chattanooga CSA, In Alabama, only Lee, Russell, and Chambers Counties (total 2019 population: 255,757; total 2010 population: 227,409) are included in the Columbus CSA. Alabama also makes aerospace and electronic things, mostly in the "Huntsville" area, location of NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center and the US Army Aviation and Missile Command, headquartered at "Redstone Arsenal.". As of 2010[update], the three largest denominational groups in Alabama are the Southern Baptist Convention, The United Methodist Church, and non-denominational Evangelical Protestant. [53] Organized insurgent, resistance groups tried to suppress the freedmen and Republicans. 4. [56] The 1901 constitution required racial segregation of public schools. It became a state in 1819. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Map of the United States with Alabama highlighted, NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, "Elevations and Distances in the United States", "A look at the languages spoken in Alabama and the drop in the Spanish speaking population", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alabama&oldid=7248149, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. After remaining an independent republic for a few days, it joined the Confederate States of America. Instead, most counties in the state must lobby the Local Legislation Committee of the state legislature to get simple local policies approved, ranging from waste disposal to land use zoning. The Port of Mobile, Alabama's only saltwater port, is a large seaport on the Gulf of Mexico with inland waterway access to the Midwest by way of the Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway. [217] For example, the total sales tax rate in Mobile is 10% and there is an additional restaurant tax of 1%, which means a diner in Mobile would pay an 11% tax on a meal. 3. Find over 27 million businesses in the United States on The Official Yellow Pages Directory website. From 1867 to 1874, with most white citizens barred temporarily from voting and freedmen enfranchised, many African Americans emerged as political leaders in the state. [23][24] However, there are no correspondingly similar words in the Alabama language. Alabama state politics gained nationwide and international attention in the 1950s and 1960s during the civil rights movement, when whites bureaucratically, and at times violently, resisted protests for electoral and social reform. The southern United States, also known as the American South, the southern states, or simply the South, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States.It is between the Atlantic Ocean and the western United States, with the midwestern United States and northeastern United States to its north and the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico to its south. Alabama English is predominantly Southern,[135] and is related to South Midland speech which was taken across the border from Tennessee. It was the among the most destructive storms to strike the state in its modern history. This benefited the urban areas that had developed, as well as all in the population who had been underrepresented for more than sixty years. [215] Alabama levies a 2, 4, or 5 percent personal income tax, depending on the amount earned and filing status. The Presbyterian churches, strongly associated with Scots-Irish immigrants of the 18th century and their descendants, had a combined membership around 75,000 (PCA—28,009 members in 108 congregations, PC(USA)—26,247 members in 147 congregations,[141] the Cumberland Presbyterian Church—6,000 members in 59 congregations, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America—5,000 members and fifty congregations plus the EPC and Associate Reformed Presbyterians with 230 members and nine congregations). 2021) Repair/Tarmim. 2021) Pilot. [76] According to The New York Times, by 2017, many of Alabama's African-Americans were living in Alabama's cities such as Birmingham and Montgomery. wikipedia. [182], The Hunt Refining Company, a subsidiary of Hunt Consolidated, Inc., is based in Tuscaloosa and operates a refinery there. The United States Congress created the Alabama Territory on March 3, 1817. Today, American football, particularly at the college level at schools like the University of Alabama, Auburn University, and Jacksonville State University is a major part of the state's culture. [148], Several Hindu temples and cultural centers in the state have been founded by Indian immigrants and their descendants, the best-known being the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in Birmingham, the Hindu Temple and Cultural Center of Birmingham in Pelham, the Hindu Cultural Center of North Alabama in Capshaw, and the Hindu Mandir and Cultural Center in Tuscaloosa. Steel jobs, for instance, declined from 46,314 in 1950 to 14,185 in 2011. The members of the Legislature take office immediately after the November elections. [13] Other spellings of the name have included Alibamu, Alabamo, Albama, Alebamon, Alibama, Alibamou, Alabamu, Allibamou.[16][17][18][19]. Many rural counties have voters who are majority Democrats, resulting in local elections being decided in the Democratic primary. [241][242], Accreditation of academic programs is through the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) as well as other subject-focused national and international accreditation agencies such as the Association for Biblical Higher Education (ABHE),[243] the Council on Occupational Education (COE),[244] and the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS). Contents: Subdivision The population development in Alabama as well as related information and services (Wikipedia, Google, images). "[77], Alabama has made some changes since the late 20th century and has used new types of voting to increase representation. The single largest increase came in the area of information. [135], In the 2008 American Religious Identification Survey, 86% of Alabama respondents reported their religion as Christian, including 6% Catholic, with 11% as having no religion. It is headed by the governor of Alabama. Alabama has 67 counties. Alabama, constituent state of the United States of America, admitted to the union in 1819 as the 22nd state. The symbol for aluminum. For thousands of years, indigenous peoples had lived along the rivers in what is now Alabama. This did not change until the late 1960s following a lawsuit and court order. By 1860, the population had increased to 964,201 people, of which nearly half, 435,080, were enslaved African Americans, and 2,690 were free people of color. The Talladega Superspeedway motorsports complex hosts a series of NASCAR events. [179] ThyssenKrupp's stainless steel division, Inoxum, including the stainless portion of the Calvert plant, was sold to Finnish stainless steel company Outokumpu in 2012. [220] Property taxes are the lowest in the U.S. [177] The eight models produced at the state's auto factories totaled combined sales of 74,335 vehicles for 2012. [142], Jews have been present in what is now Alabama since 1763, during the colonial era of Mobile, when Sephardic Jews immigrated from London. 20 (1971–2000) - Huntsville Intl AP, AL", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Climatography of the United States No. Given the long history of slavery and associated racial segregation, the Native American peoples, who have sometimes been of mixed race, have insisted on having their cultural identification respected. [14] The suggestion that "Alabama" was borrowed from the Choctaw language is unlikely. Looking for online definition of AL or what AL stands for? [130] Native American groups within the state had increasingly been demanding recognition as ethnic groups and seeking an end to discrimination. Wells Fargo has a regional headquarters, an operations center campus, and a $400 million data center in Birmingham. Its residents were under-represented for decades in the state legislature, which refused to redistrict after each decennial census according to population changes, as it was required by the state constitution. [237][238] The rate of school corporal punishment in Alabama is surpassed by only Mississippi and Arkansas. According to U.S. Census data (2000), Alabama's high school graduation rate (75%) is the fourth lowest in the U.S. (after Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi). In that general election, the then-incumbent chief justice, Ernest C. Hornsby, refused to leave office after losing the election by approximately 3,000 votes to Republican Perry O. Hooper Sr.[227] Hornsby sued Alabama and defiantly remained in office for nearly a year before finally giving up the seat after losing in court. The highest point is "Mount Cheaha", at a height of 2,407 feet (734 m). [216] Sales tax rates for cities and counties are also added to purchases. [137], Alabama is located in the middle of the Bible Belt, a region of numerous Protestant Christians. Alabama has coastline at the Gulf of Mexico, in the very southern edge of the state. [64] Heavy industry and mining were the basis of its economy. With a total of 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. Before that, each county was represented by one state senator, leading to under-representation in the state senate for more urbanized, populous counties. Which States Tax the Sale of Food for Home Consumption in 2009? [132], Most Alabama residents (95.1% of those five and older) spoke only English at home in 2010, a minor decrease from 96.1% in 2000. [123] In 2011, 46.6% of Alabama's population younger than age 1 were minorities. [238], Alabama's programs of higher education include 14 four-year public universities, two-year community colleges, and 17 private, undergraduate and graduate universities. [32][33], Thomas Bassett, a loyalist to the British monarchy during the Revolutionary era, was one of the earliest white settlers in the state outside Mobile. The Assemblies of God had almost 60,000 members, the Churches of Christ had nearly 120,000 members. Kudzu is an invasive plant species in the United States.Its introduction has produced devastating environmental consequences. [159] Alabama, and the southeastern U.S. in general, has one of the highest incidences of adult onset diabetes in the country, exceeding 10% of adults. Alabama has been identified as one of the most religious states in the United States, with about 58% of the population attending church regularly. One example of this massive influx of workers occurred in Mobile. In the 2013 season, Alabama averaged over 100,000 fans per game and Auburn averaged over 80,000—both numbers among the top twenty in the nation. Interestingly, due to the presence of a rocket building facility in Huntsville, it (Huntsville) earned the … [178], Steel producers Outokumpu, Nucor, SSAB, ThyssenKrupp, and U.S. Steel have facilities in Alabama and employ more than 10,000 people. Videos. [151] Most monastic Buddhist temples are concentrated in southern Mobile County, near Bayou La Batre. All sitting justices on the Alabama Supreme Court are members of the Republican Party. 20 (1971–2000) - Montgomery Dannelly AP, AL", "Climatography of the United States No. These twelve Federal Reserve Banks together form a major part of the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States. Alabama's company outputs are iron and steel products (like cast-iron and steel pipe); paper, lumber, and wood items; mining (mostly coal); plastic things; cars and trucks; and apparel. Water ports of Alabama, listed from north to south: Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}32°46′46″N 86°49′43″W / 32.7794°N 86.8287°W / 32.7794; -86.8287 (State of Alabama), This article is about the U.S. state. [156], In 2018 life expectancy in Alabama was 75.1 years, below the national average of 78.7 years and is the third lowest life expectancy in the country. Provisions which disenfranchised blacks resulted in excluding many poor Whites. For example, in 2003, Alabama had an annual budget deficit as high as $670 million. Despite numerous legal challenges which succeeded in overturning certain provisions, the state legislature would create new ones to maintain disenfranchisement. United States Supreme Court decisions in Baker v. 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